Acta Tabacaria Sinica

2020 Vol. 26 No. 1 Published: 29 February 2020
TOBACCO AND SMOKE CHEMISTRY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY TOBACCO EQUIPMENT AGRONOMY AND CURING PLANT PROTECTION REVIEW

TOBACCO AND SMOKE CHEMISTRY

CHU Wenjuan, HU Shaodong, TIAN Haiying, MENG Xiangshi, GAO Mingqi, FU Yufeng, XI Gaolei, HAO Hui, LU Ping, FENG Xiaomin, CUI Chun, MAYuping, NIE Cong, PENG Guixin

Effect of filter parameters on release of representative aroma components in mainstream smoke of slim cigarettes

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 28 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1378 KB) PDF-ENG (1378 KB) ( 53 ) | Cite this article

AI Minghuan, YANG Jing, SHEN Yi, ZHAO Wentao

Study on pyrolysis characteristics and gas phase pyrolytic products of HnB tobacco substrates at temperatures below 400℃ by TG-FTIR

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 8-14 [Abstract] ( 15 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1528 KB) PDF-ENG (1528 KB) ( 24 ) | Cite this article

YANG Ji, WU Yiqin, YANG Liu, LEI Ping, GAO Qian, SHENG Qinpeng, DUAN Yuanxing, ZHAO Yang, CHEN Yongkuan, ZHANG Shuangshuang, DU Qiaohong, LI Hui

Preparation, characterization and sustained-release properties of nicotinic gentisate

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 15-22 [Abstract] ( 9 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1622 KB) PDF-ENG (1622 KB) ( 28 ) | Cite this article

REN Mengjuan, SHI Hongzhi, YANG Mingkun, ZHOU Jun, LIU Baizhan, YANG Huijuan, BAI Ruoshi, LI Hongliang, BI Yanjiu, LI Geng

Sensory quality and cigarette smoke characteristics of ultra-low nicotine tobacco leaves produced by tobacco and eggplant grafting

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 23-29 [Abstract] ( 13 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1131 KB) PDF-ENG (1131 KB) ( 32 ) | Cite this article

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

ZHANG Xiaobing, LI Dandan, LIU Jianguo, WANG Ronghao, YU Ke, XU Qingquan, XIA Chen, CHENG Changhe

Establishment of reference sample system for evaluating stiffness of flue-cured tobacco based on sensory ranking and magnitude estimation

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 30-35 [Abstract] ( 12 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1379 KB) PDF-ENG (1379 KB) ( 37 ) | Cite this article

ZHANG Xinyu, YAN Lihong, YI Xiaoli, MA Li, ZHANG Jie, LU Nan, LIU Xingyu, BAI Ruoshi, MA Yanjun, CAO Fujun, OU Yafei, ZHOU Jun

Processing and quality analysis of blended type expanded tobacco dispensed with sauce applying

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 36-41,47 [Abstract] ( 8 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (930 KB) PDF-ENG (930 KB) ( 23 ) | Cite this article

TOBACCO EQUIPMENT

GAO Xiaohua, YI Bin, WEN Yadong, FU Liang, LIU Ze, MA Ning, TAN Guozhi, ZHANG Liye

Development and application of vertical tubular device for tobacco flavoring

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 42-47 [Abstract] ( 7 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1364 KB) PDF-ENG (1364 KB) ( 38 ) | Cite this article

LIN Min, WEN Yan, LUO Min, LIU Xingle

Design and development of the heat-exchanger for strip casing process

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 48-51 [Abstract] ( 8 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1173 KB) PDF-ENG (1173 KB) ( 27 ) | Cite this article

GUO Tianwen, LIN Yu, CAO Qi

Reconstruction of input and output system of high-rack warehouse for finished cigarettes based on paper-sliding tray

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 52-57,99 [Abstract] ( 8 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1628 KB) PDF-ENG (1628 KB) ( 17 ) | Cite this article

AGRONOMY AND CURING

XIAO Qingli, DAI Xianqiang, YANG Hongke, QIN Pingwei, ZHANG Shiqu, CHEN Kunyan, WANG Changguo, DAI Ya, DING Wei

Spatial-temporal distribution of chlorophyll in leaves of tobacco plants

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 58-65 [Abstract] ( 11 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1613 KB) PDF-ENG (1613 KB) ( 30 ) | Cite this article

LIU Xiaohan, ZHANG Xiaofan, LI Xueli, WANG Jing, YAO Pengwei, ZHANG Sheng, XU Liang, YE Yiefeng

Physiological responses of tobacco seedlings to saline-alkali stress

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 66-74 [Abstract] ( 6 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1804 KB) PDF-ENG (1804 KB) ( 14 ) | Cite this article

LIU Yongjun, PENG Shuguang, XIAO Yansong, XIANG Penghuang, TANG Chungui, ZHOU Qingming, LI Juan

Stability of soil aggregate and its relationship with carbon nitrogen ratio in rice-tobacco rotation areas in Hunan province

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 75-83 [Abstract] ( 10 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (2265 KB) PDF-ENG (2265 KB) ( 19 ) | Cite this article

PLANT PROTECTION

GAO Xue, WANG Sibo, LI Zhengyang, YANG Baoju, FEI Jinqiang, LIU Yating

Investigation and identification of Orthotospovirus on tobacco in Yunnan province, China

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 84-90 [Abstract] ( 6 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1550 KB) PDF-ENG (1550 KB) ( 6 ) | Cite this article

ZHANG Xinyue, LUO Cuiqin, CHEN Xiaojie, WANG Qi, WANG Lu, DING Ting

Evaluation of two antagonistic bacteria from tobacco rhizosphere for controlling tobacco bacterial wilt

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 91-99 [Abstract] ( 7 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (2302 KB) PDF-ENG (2302 KB) ( 15 ) | Cite this article

XIANG Ligang, WANG Hancheng, GUO Hua, ZHOU Hao, XIE Honglian, CAI Liuti, DING Wei, YU Zhihe

Bacterial community structure and diversity in rhizospheric soil and in stalk of healthy and black shank disease-infected tobacco plants

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 100-108 [Abstract] ( 12 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (2074 KB) PDF-ENG (2074 KB) ( 16 ) | Cite this article

REVIEW

DONG Gaofeng, TIAN Yongfeng, SHANG Shanzhai, LEI Ping, CHENYongkuan, MIAO Mingming, LIU Zhihua

Production technology of reconstituted tobacco for heat-not-burn (HnB) cigarettes: a review

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 109-117 [Abstract] ( 23 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1431 KB) PDF-ENG (1431 KB) ( 92 ) | Cite this article

CHEN Wan, XU Shitao, ZHANG Qiang, GAO Zerui, CHANG Jian, WANG Kuaping, JIANG Zhuofang, LIU Jinyun

Analysis of patent technology relevant to cigarette capsules in China

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 118-128 [Abstract] ( 14 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (2668 KB) PDF-ENG (2668 KB) ( 66 ) | Cite this article

2020 Vol. 26 No. 1 Published: 29 February 2020
TOBACCO AND SMOKE CHEMISTRY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY TOBACCO EQUIPMENT AGRONOMY AND CURING PLANT PROTECTION REVIEW

TOBACCO AND SMOKE CHEMISTRY

CHU Wenjuan, HU Shaodong, TIAN Haiying, MENG Xiangshi, GAO Mingqi, FU Yufeng, XI Gaolei, HAO Hui, LU Ping, FENG Xiaomin, CUI Chun, MAYuping, NIE Cong, PENG Guixin

Effect of filter parameters on release of representative aroma components in mainstream smoke of slim cigarettes

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 28 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1378 KB) PDF-ENG (1378 KB) ( 53 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：[Objective] This study aims to study the effect of filter parameters (filter rod pressure drop, filter ventilation rate) on release of representative aroma components in the mainstream smoke of slim cigarettes.[Method] Sixty slim cigarette samples were prepared according to single factor design. The representative aroma components collected by filter were extracted by CH2Cl2 and detected by GC/MS. On this basis, linear regression and stepwise regression method were used to establish prediction models based on influence of filter parameters on total release of representative alkaline, neutral, acidic aroma components, and the optimal prediction model was selected according to the principle of minimum RMSECV (Relative Mean Squared Error of Cross Validation).[Results] ① The total release of representative alkaline, neutral, acidic aroma components in the mainstream smoke of slim cigarettes had a significant negative correlation with the pressure drop of the filter rod and the ventilation rate of the filter. ② Under the same range of variation, the filter rod pressure drop had a larger influence on the release of aroma components for slim cigarette smoke compared with conventional cigarettes, but the ventilation rate of filter had a larger effect on conventional cigarettes.. ③ The external verification results showed that the average prediction bias of the four prediction models was between 4.23% and 5.95%, indicating high prediction accuracy of the established model.

AI Minghuan, YANG Jing, SHEN Yi, ZHAO Wentao

Study on pyrolysis characteristics and gas phase pyrolytic products of HnB tobacco substrates at temperatures below 400℃ by TG-FTIR

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 8-14 [Abstract] ( 15 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1528 KB) PDF-ENG (1528 KB) ( 24 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：[Objective] In order to clarify pyrolysis characteristics and release of gaseous products of heating non-combustion (HnB) tobacco substrates.[Method] The thermogravimetric-infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR) was used to measure thermogravimetric data and investigatethe variation of gaseous product composition with temperature (30~400℃) of tobacco substrates with 0~30% glycerol content at air flow rate of 100 mL/min and by heating rate of 20℃/min.[Result] (1) the main weightlessness stage of tobacco substrates was between 130℃ and 360℃, and there were two maximum weightlessness rate points within this temperature range, one was between 200℃ and 235℃ and the other was between 297℃ and 310℃. (2) When the glycerin content is between 20% and 30%, volatile small molecules such as nicotine, carbohydrates, phenols and organic acids, alkanes and olefins are released at 150℃; the glycerin content is 0%~At 10%, these substances will appear above 200℃. (3) At temperatures near the maximum point of weight loss rate in the four weight loss stages (100℃, 200℃, 300℃, and 400℃), the glycerol content has an effect on the proportion of various components in the heat release.[Conclusion] The above rule can provide reference for the temperature design of HnB cigarettes and the selection of glycerin content of tobacco substrates.

YANG Ji, WU Yiqin, YANG Liu, LEI Ping, GAO Qian, SHENG Qinpeng, DUAN Yuanxing, ZHAO Yang, CHEN Yongkuan, ZHANG Shuangshuang, DU Qiaohong, LI Hui

Preparation, characterization and sustained-release properties of nicotinic gentisate

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 15-22 [Abstract] ( 9 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1622 KB) PDF-ENG (1622 KB) ( 28 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：This study aims to develop sustained-release nicotinic organic acids for new tobacco products. Since organic acids (PKa 3, the crystal belonged to monoclinic crystal system and the spatial group was P21. Nicotinic gentiate had relatively slow permeation rate and slow transmembrane diffusion in low pH medium. Under the same pH condition, the higher the initial concentration, the higher the steady permeability rate, that is, the faster the transmembrane diffusion. In general, nicotinic gentiate has obvious slow-release diffusion characteristics, and the slow-release effect is more significant in low pH medium, so it can be used in the development of new tobacco products.

REN Mengjuan, SHI Hongzhi, YANG Mingkun, ZHOU Jun, LIU Baizhan, YANG Huijuan, BAI Ruoshi, LI Hongliang, BI Yanjiu, LI Geng

Sensory quality and cigarette smoke characteristics of ultra-low nicotine tobacco leaves produced by tobacco and eggplant grafting

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 23-29 [Abstract] ( 13 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1131 KB) PDF-ENG (1131 KB) ( 32 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：This study was based on grafting with eggplant (eggplant as rootstock, flue-cured variety Yunyan 87 as scion), the content of TSNAs and the content of neutral aroma components in ultra-low nicotine tobacco leaves were determined and analyzed, and the smoke parameters and sensory quality of cigarettes were compared and analyzed. There were three treatments:"tobacco/tobacco", "tobacco/eggplant without hilling up", "tobacco/eggplant with hilling up". The results show that:(1) Ultra-low nicotine content in tobacco leaves grafted with eggplant, the contents of NNN,NNK,NAT and TSNAs were decreased significantly, the NNN,NNK and TSNAs contents of upper leaves tobacco/eggplant without hilling up were 82.71%, 79.46% and 68.78% lower than the control tobacco/tobacco, respectively. The NNN, NNK and TSNAs contents of the middle leaf tobacco/eggplant without hilling up were 79.68%, 79.80% and 68.63% lower than the control. (2) The change of neutral aroma components content in ultra-low nicotine tobacco leaves were small, The nicotine contents of mainstream cigarette smoke were decreased significantly, and the tobacco/eggplant without hilling up were 94.12% lower than the control, there was no significant difference in total particle matter, dampness, CO, tar in smoke and puff number. (3) there was no significant difference in aroma quality, concentration, irritancy and burning quality, aroma quantity, undesirable taste and after taste were decreased to some extent, and significant reduction in impact. Consumer satisfaction, pleasure, and acceptance were also decreased significantly. It can be concluded that the selective reduction of nicotine content had different effects on chemical composition and sensory quality of tobacco leaves produced by grafting technique.

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

ZHANG Xiaobing, LI Dandan, LIU Jianguo, WANG Ronghao, YU Ke, XU Qingquan, XIA Chen, CHENG Changhe

Establishment of reference sample system for evaluating stiffness of flue-cured tobacco based on sensory ranking and magnitude estimation

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 30-35 [Abstract] ( 12 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1379 KB) PDF-ENG (1379 KB) ( 37 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：[Objective and background] Leaf structure is a complex sensory attribute of flue-cured tobacco leaves, and stiffness is an external form of it. In order to make the graders understand the connotation of leaf structure more deeply and to facilitate learning and communication, it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable reference sample of tobacco stiffness.[Method] A reference sample evaluation team was set up to evaluate the stiffness of flue-cured tobacco through combination of tactile and visual methods. The sensory ranking method was used to develop the reference system of flue-cured tobacco stiffness. Magnitude estimation was used to evaluate the representativeness and applicability of the reference system.[Results] (1) According to sensory evaluation, the stiffness was divided into 7 grades, including soft, relatively soft, slightly softer, medium, slightly stiff, relatively stiff, stiff. The appearance characteristics of each grade were described accurately.(2) There were significant differences in the stiffness of the seven grades of reference samples. The gradient division of different grades of reference samples was reasonable, representative and applicable.[Conclusion] The established reference system for flue-cured tobacco is scientifically feasible, which plays an important role in the classification of tobacco leaves.

ZHANG Xinyu, YAN Lihong, YI Xiaoli, MA Li, ZHANG Jie, LU Nan, LIU Xingyu, BAI Ruoshi, MA Yanjun, CAO Fujun, OU Yafei, ZHOU Jun

Processing and quality analysis of blended type expanded tobacco dispensed with sauce applying

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 36-41,47 [Abstract] ( 8 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (930 KB) PDF-ENG (930 KB) ( 23 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：[Objective] To study effects of production mode of burley tobacco dispensed with sauce applying and baking treatment on comprehensive quality of blended expanded cut tobacco.[Method] Designed the production process of blended type expanded cut tobacco without adding or baking burley tobacco sheet processing line. At the same time, the grouping processing technology of burley and flue-cured tobacco sheet in the sectioning and loose resurgence process was studied. The hot air temperature has been optimized.[Results] Comparing with the traditional process route, the blended type expanded cut tobacco with no added liquid and no baking treatment has the following changes:(1) the structure of the expanded cut tobacco was not significantly changed, The fill value increases significantly. (2) total sugar content decreased significantly, the contents of total nicotine, nitrogen, volatile nicotine and chlorine increased significantly, while total potassium content remained unchanged. (3) the contents of nicotine, tar and CO in cigarette smoke decreased significantly, the content of hydrocyanic acid, NNK, B[a]P, phenol, crotonaldehyde and the hazard index of cigarette smoke decreased at different levels.[Conclusion] Compared with the blended type expanded cut tobacco processed by the traditional process path, the expanded cut tobacco dispensed with sauce applying and baking treatment will not adversely affect the sensory quality of cigarettes, and the effect of reducing coke and harm will be more Obviously, and can greatly simplify the process flow, improve production efficiency, and reduce production costs.

TOBACCO EQUIPMENT

GAO Xiaohua, YI Bin, WEN Yadong, FU Liang, LIU Ze, MA Ning, TAN Guozhi, ZHANG Liye

Development and application of vertical tubular device for tobacco flavoring

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 42-47 [Abstract] ( 7 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1364 KB) PDF-ENG (1364 KB) ( 38 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：In view of the disadvantages of traditional roller flavoring equipment, such as long processing time, high processing intensity and poor evenness of perfuming, a novel vertical pipe flavoring equipment is developed, so that cut tobacco can beflavored in the process of free falling. The equipment adopts semi-open static vertical incense burner, with multi-nozzle omni-directional incense design. Flavoring accuracy, process breaking, flavoring uniformity, sensory quality were compared with that oftraditional roller flavoring equipment. Results shows that:(1) flavoring accuracy of vertical pipe flavoring equipment is equal to that ofroller flavoring equipment. (2) compared with typical roller flavoring mode, the process crushing of verticalpipe flavoring was reduced 1.0~1.5%, which significantly reduces process consumption. (3) flavoring uniformity of vertical pipe flavoring equipment is better than that of typical roller flavoring equipment, where by sensory quality of products is also improved significantly.

LIN Min, WEN Yan, LUO Min, LIU Xingle

Design and development of the heat-exchanger for strip casing process

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 48-51 [Abstract] ( 8 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1173 KB) PDF-ENG (1173 KB) ( 27 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：In the process of strip casing process, the traditional finned tube structure heat exchanger is easy to deposit the liquid and is not easy to maintain, which affects the heating effect and the utilization rate of the liquid. To this end, a new tube-plate heat-exchanger is developed and applied in this work. The basic structure and the working principle of the new device are presented, and its efficiency practicality have been checked by practice. The results show that:1) It makes the feed liquid not easy to deposit, and the feed liquid is constantly absorbed with hot air circulation, which improves the utilization of the feed liquid; 2) It is beneficial to maintain the stability of product quality from batch to batch by the cleaning tube-sheet structure; 3) The automatic production control capacity and the process quality of the strips casing processing are improved by ensuring the stability of hot air system.

GUO Tianwen, LIN Yu, CAO Qi

Reconstruction of input and output system of high-rack warehouse for finished cigarettes based on paper-sliding tray

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 52-57,99 [Abstract] ( 8 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1628 KB) PDF-ENG (1628 KB) ( 17 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：[Objective] To overcome the low loading efficiency, inconsistent pallet standards and high recycling cost in the whole cigarettes pallet transportation process.[Methods] The paper-sliding tray placed on a wooden or plastic tray was used in input and output system of high-rack warehouse for finished cigarettes. At the same time, through the new scaning barcode and stacking sub-system, and transformation of factory scanning barcode system for cigarette sales, a new set of elevated storage system of cigarette products is constructed based on paper sliding trays.[Results] Compared with the traditional whole pallet transport mode, the paper-sliding traysbased loading and unloading system reduced the loading labor and the unloading time by 60% and 25%, while increased the loading rate and single-tray bar code reporting rate by 40% and 90% respectively. The recycling cost was reduced by more than 77%, the damage rate of cigarettes was reduced by 96%, the single-box transportation cost was reduced by 37%, the tray storage area was reduced by 99%, and the storage capacity was 120 pallets/h, which can meet the production and delivery requirements.[Conclusion] High-rack warehouse of finished cigarettes based on paper-sliding tray can improve efficiency of industrial and commercial transportation.

AGRONOMY AND CURING

XIAO Qingli, DAI Xianqiang, YANG Hongke, QIN Pingwei, ZHANG Shiqu, CHEN Kunyan, WANG Changguo, DAI Ya, DING Wei

Spatial-temporal distribution of chlorophyll in leaves of tobacco plants

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 58-65 [Abstract] ( 11 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1613 KB) PDF-ENG (1613 KB) ( 30 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：[Objective] The purpose of this paper is to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of chlorophyll in tobacco leaves.[Methods] From May to September 2018, we designed a field experiment to investigate dynamics of chlorophyll in a small catchment of the Mowei Mountain, Pengshui County of Chongqing, by means of mean relative deviation, regression analysis and correlation analysis.[Results] 1) The dynamic change of chlorophyll in tobacco leaves exhibited an "inverted spoon" pattern, and the chlorophyll content increased as leaf position rise. In the early and middle stages of leaf development, chlorophyll value showed a weak variation, while in the late stages, it showed a moderate variation. 2) The fragmentation degree of chlorophyll value in upper and middle leaves was higher than that in lower leaves on the monitoring sample belt. In one tobacco plant, leaves in different positions had a similar variation of chlorophyll values. 3) Based on the minimum value of the time stability index, a representative sample was obtained, and a regression model between the representative sample chlorophyll value and the corresponding position chlorophyll average was established.[Conclusion] The chlorophyll values of representative tobacco plants can be used to characterize the average value of chlorophyll in the corresponding positions, which provides theoretical support for water and fertilizer management and mature harvesting in tobacco fields.

LIU Xiaohan, ZHANG Xiaofan, LI Xueli, WANG Jing, YAO Pengwei, ZHANG Sheng, XU Liang, YE Yiefeng

Physiological responses of tobacco seedlings to saline-alkali stress

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 66-74 [Abstract] ( 6 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1804 KB) PDF-ENG (1804 KB) ( 14 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：[Objective] This study aims to investigate the physiological and metabolic changes of tobacco seedlings under compound saline-alkali treatment.[Method] Five mass-concentrations compound saline-alkali treatments were set up, with the ratio of n (NaCl):n (Na2SO4):n (NaHCO3)=1:1:1. The root index and leaf physiological index under each treatment were measured.[Results] 1) As the compound saline-alkali concentration increased, the total root length of tobacco seedlings decreased, and the root surface area, root tip number, and root vigor all showed a tendency of first increasing and then decreasing; 2) low-concentration and short-term saline-alkali treatment could promote chlorophyll accumulation, but prolonged treatment time or increased concentration of saline-alkali treatment would decrease chlorophyll content of tobacco seedlings; 3) With the increase of treatment concentration and extension of treatment time, leaf moisture content decreased, MDA content and relative conductivity increased, soluble sugar and proline content increased first and then decreased; 4) The ABA content of tobacco seedlings treated with low-concentration saline-alkali treatments did not change significantly, but the ZR content decreased. The contents of two hormones both increased during high-concentration saline-alkali treatments.[Conclusion] Under the conditions of this experiment, 0.3% compound saline-alkali treatment and short-term compound saline-alkali treatment can promote the growth of tobacco seedlings. Prolonged saline-alkali stress time or increased treatment concentration will affect the normal growth and development of tobacco plants.

LIU Yongjun, PENG Shuguang, XIAO Yansong, XIANG Penghuang, TANG Chungui, ZHOU Qingming, LI Juan

Stability of soil aggregate and its relationship with carbon nitrogen ratio in rice-tobacco rotation areas in Hunan province

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 75-83 [Abstract] ( 10 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (2265 KB) PDF-ENG (2265 KB) ( 19 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：The objective of this study is to clarify the distribution characteristics of soil aggregates in different soil layers as well as its relationship with C/N in rice-tobacco rotation area of Hunan province. In 2017, 150 soil samples were collected from Chenzhou, Hengyang and Changsha of Hunan province. The size fraction, distribution characteristics and stability of soil aggregates in different soil layers were discussed. The relationship between the soil aggregate stability and C/N was studied by correlation analysis. The results indicated that the rice-tobacco rotation area in Hunan province was dominated by soil aggregate with size of >1 mm, which accounted for 64.47%. The mean soil C/N was 9.66, and the variation range was 3.69~14.06. According to the size fraction from high to low, the aggregate content can be ranked as soil aggregate with size of >1 mm, soil aggregate with size of 0.5~1 mm, soil aggregate with size of 0.25~0.5 mm, soil aggregate with size of 0.25) and fractal dimension (FD) of soil aggregates in different soil layers were significantly different. With the increase of the depth of soil layer, MWD, GMD and R0.25 showed a decreasing trend, while FD showed an increasing trend. Correlation analysis showed that the soil C/N was significantly positively correlated with MWD, GWD and R0.25, while negatively correlated with FD, where the regression equation was y=2.89-0.02x(r2=0.57). Soil C/N is closely related to the soil aggregates in ricetobacco rotation area of Hunan province. The higher the C/N ratio of the soil, the more stable the soil aggregates. Therefore, it is possible to obtain more stable aggregates by adding organic fertilizer, controlling nitrogen fertilizer, and creating a suitable C/N ratio.

PLANT PROTECTION

GAO Xue, WANG Sibo, LI Zhengyang, YANG Baoju, FEI Jinqiang, LIU Yating

Investigation and identification of Orthotospovirus on tobacco in Yunnan province, China

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 84-90 [Abstract] ( 6 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1550 KB) PDF-ENG (1550 KB) ( 6 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：Yunnan is one of the major areas of tobacco cultivation in China. Tobacco spot wilt diseases are becoming more and more serious in recent years. It is important to understand the etiology, occurrence, prevalence and distribution of tobacco spot wilt diseases in Yunnan. Since 2012, a total of 38 samples of tobacco plants suspected to be infected by Orthotospovirus were collected from 10 different tobacco-growing areas in Yunnan province. All the samples were identified by symptom observation, ELISA and RT-PCR identification. The results showed that 20 samples were identified to be with Orthotospovirus, including 11 samples infected with Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV), 4 samples infected with Hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRV), 2 samples infected with Tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV), 2 samples infected with Calla lily chlorotic spot virus(CCSV), and 1 sample infected with TSWV & HCRV. This study for the first time reports the tobacco infected with HCRV and finds the TSWV & HCRV co-infected tobacco. Identification results provide theoretical basis for development of prevention and control measures against tobacco spot wilt diseases and are also of great significance to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of tobacco planting in Yunnan Province.

ZHANG Xinyue, LUO Cuiqin, CHEN Xiaojie, WANG Qi, WANG Lu, DING Ting

Evaluation of two antagonistic bacteria from tobacco rhizosphere for controlling tobacco bacterial wilt

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 91-99 [Abstract] ( 7 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (2302 KB) PDF-ENG (2302 KB) ( 15 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：To explore biological control resources of tobacco bacteria wilt,the antagonistic activities of bacterial strains GZYCT-4 and GZYCT-9 isolated from tobacco rhizosphere bacteriaagainst Ralstonia solanacearum was determined by bacteriostatic cycle method and pot experiment. The biocontrol function genes of strains GZYCT-4 and GZYCT-9 were analyzed by PCR. The effects of various organic acids in tobacco root exudates on the colonization of antagonistic bacteria in tobacco roots were investigated by chemotaxisassay. Results indicated that:(1) GZYCT-4 and GZYCT-9 strains had significantly antagonistic effects on R.solanacearum. The diamater of bacteriostatic circle was 16.64 mm and 18.90 mm after 48 hours of culture, respectively. Pot experiments results showed that inoculation with GZYCT-4 and GZYCT-9 strains could effectively control tobacco bacterial wilt. (2) Eight biocontrol marker genes of Bacillus subtilis were detected in strains GZYCT-4 and GZYCT-9, which indicated that the two strains could produce lipopetide metabolites. Moreover, the lipopetides compounds produced by GZYCT-4 and GZYCT-9 exhibited inhibitory activity on growth of R. solanacearum, with the inhibitory zone diameter of 16.24mm and 20.71 mm, respectively. (3) The GZYCT-4 exhibited the strongest chemotactic response toward the Honghua dajinyuan root exudates, and the oxalic acid produced by the Honghua dajinyuan root exudates had better attraction to GZYCT-4; however, GZYCT-9 exhibited the strongest chemotactic response toward the K326 root exudates, and the citric acid produced by the K326 root exudates had better attraction to GZYCT-9. The GZYCT-4 and GZYCT-9 could significantly enhance the resistance of different tobacco cultivars to bacterial wilt, and they exhibited different chemotactic responses toward tobacco root exudates and organic acids.

XIANG Ligang, WANG Hancheng, GUO Hua, ZHOU Hao, XIE Honglian, CAI Liuti, DING Wei, YU Zhihe

Bacterial community structure and diversity in rhizospheric soil and in stalk of healthy and black shank disease-infected tobacco plants

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 100-108 [Abstract] ( 12 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (2074 KB) PDF-ENG (2074 KB) ( 16 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：Black shank is a common soil-borne disease in tobacco. When environmental conditions are appropriate, the pathogens present in soil will penetrate into tobacco plant, and eventually lead to disease of tobacco plant. To understand the changes of bacterial community structure and diversity in rhizosphere soil, diseased stem tissue and symptomatic-asymptomatic junction stem tissue of black shank infected tobacco plants, the hypervariable V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR, and the amplified fragments were sequenced using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology. Bacterial communities structure and diversity in different parts of healthy and black shank infected tobacco plants were analyzed. The richness of bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of black shank infected tobacco plants were higher than that of healthy tobacco plants, while the bacterial diversity was slightly lower than that of healthy tobacco plants. The richness and diversity of diseased stem and symptomatic-asymptomatic junction stem were higher than that of healthy stem, and the increase of symptomatic-asymptomatic junction stem was significant. At phylum level, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in rhizosphere soil. There was no significant difference in relative abundance of dominant phyla between healthy and diseased groups. Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria were dominant bacteria in stem samples. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria in the symptomatic-asymptomatic junction stem was significantly different from that of healthy stem and diseased stem. At genus level, the main bacteria in rhizosphere soil were Candidatus_solibacter, Gemmatimonas and Sphingomonas, norank_c_Cyanobacteria and Ralstonia were the dominant bacteria in all stem samples. The relative abundance of norank_c_Cyanobacteria in symptomatic-asymptomatic junction stem was significantly different from that in healthy stem and diseased stem. After infected with black shank, the bacterial community structure changed and the diversity of bacterial community increased. The pathogen of bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, was detected in all samples, which indicated that there was a possibility of mixed occurrence of tobacco black shank and bacterial wilt. It is therefore necessary to strengthen control of tobacco bacterial wilt while controlling tobacco black shank disease.

REVIEW

DONG Gaofeng, TIAN Yongfeng, SHANG Shanzhai, LEI Ping, CHENYongkuan, MIAO Mingming, LIU Zhihua

Production technology of reconstituted tobacco for heat-not-burn (HnB) cigarettes: a review

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 109-117 [Abstract] ( 23 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (1431 KB) PDF-ENG (1431 KB) ( 92 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：Literatures on production process of reconstituted tobacco for HnB cigarettes are collected, analyzed and summarized in this paper. It can be concluded that existing methods for production of reconstituted tobacco for HnB cigarettes mainly include paper-making method, air-laid method, slurry method and rolling method. The product qualities of reconstituted tobacco leaves produced by the four methods are different, which provides a diversified choice for HnB cigarette tobacco segment materials. In order to meet needs of HNB cigarette development, it is of great importance to introduce key processes with advantages, which is development trend of production technology of reconstituted tobacco leaf for HnB cigarettes.

CHEN Wan, XU Shitao, ZHANG Qiang, GAO Zerui, CHANG Jian, WANG Kuaping, JIANG Zhuofang, LIU Jinyun

Analysis of patent technology relevant to cigarette capsules in China

2020 Vol. 26 (1): 118-128 [Abstract] ( 14 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF-CHN (2668 KB) PDF-ENG (2668 KB) ( 66 ) | Cite this article

Abstract：[Objective] To summarize technical characteristics and development of the cigarette brittle capsule.[Methods] China's patent application status on cigarette brittle capsule is analyzed using qualitative & quantitative analysis, comparative analysis approach and literature metrology. According to analysis of the patent application trend, the principal applicant, the distribution of patent technology and research focus, the trends and domestic patent layout on cigarette brittle capsule were acquired.[Results] ① A total of 544 patents related to cigarettes with brittle capsules were published by national intellectual property anministrarion from 1986 to 2018. There has been an explosive growth in patent applications and the number of applicants since 2013. ② Cigarette manufacturing enterprises and accessories enterprises are the main domestic applicants. Transnational corporations are the mainly foreign applicants, of which the patent applications have taken shape. ③ Technical development in various branches remained out of balance. Application of cigarette brittle capsule was a hot spot in patent application. The patent applications are more concentrated in cigarette brittle capsule forming process. Equipment under patent application mainly include drop system, drying equipment and brittle capsules feeding device in filter rod shaping machine. ④ Techniques under patent application are mainly about improving processing resistance, weather resistance, stability, preventing spice loss, controlled release. ⑤ The demand-side patent application coverage is relatively narrow, the patent application on product application accounts for a large proportion, and the number of patent applications on analysis and testing technology is relatively small.